Merge pull request #677 from snakers4/adamnsandle

get rid of hop_size_ratio
2026-02-04 09:29:22 +08:00 · 2025-08-26 09:54:35 +03:00 · 2025-08-26 06:53:53 +00:00 · 2025-08-26 09:50:44 +03:00 · 2025-08-25 19:30:20 +03:00 · 2025-08-25 18:07:06 +03:00
30 changed files with 1312 additions and 352 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+name: Test Package
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:       # запуск вручную
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
+        python-version: ["3.8","3.9","3.10","3.11","3.12","3.13"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install build hatchling pytest soundfile
+
+    - name: Build package
+      run: python -m build --wheel --outdir dist
+
+    - name: Install package
+      run: |
+        import glob, subprocess, sys
+        whl = glob.glob("dist/*.whl")[0]
+        subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", whl])
+      shell: python
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: pytest tests
--- a/CITATION.cff
+++ b/CITATION.cff
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+cff-version: 1.2.0
+message: "If you use this software, please cite it as below."
+title: "Silero VAD"
+authors:
+  - family-names: "Silero Team"
+    email: "hello@silero.ai"
+type: software
+repository-code: "https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad"
+license: MIT
+abstract: "Pre-trained enterprise-grade Voice Activity Detector (VAD), Number Detector and Language Classifier"
+preferred-citation:
+  type: software
+  authors:
+    - family-names: "Silero Team"
+      email: "hello@silero.ai"
+  title: "Silero VAD: pre-trained enterprise-grade Voice Activity Detector (VAD), Number Detector and Language Classifier"
+  year: 2024
+  publisher: "GitHub"
+  journal: "GitHub repository"
+  howpublished: "https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[![Mailing list : test](http://img.shields.io/badge/Email-gray.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=gmail)](mailto:hello@silero.ai) [![Mailing list : test](http://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram)](https://t.me/silero_speech) [![License: CC BY-NC 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/blob/master/LICENSE)
+[![Mailing list : test](http://img.shields.io/badge/Email-gray.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=gmail)](mailto:hello@silero.ai) [![Mailing list : test](http://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram)](https://t.me/silero_speech) [![License: CC BY-NC 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/blob/master/LICENSE) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/silero-vad?style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/silero-vad/) 

-[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/snakers4/silero-vad/blob/master/silero-vad.ipynb)
+[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/snakers4/silero-vad/blob/master/silero-vad.ipynb) [![Test Package](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/actions/workflows/test.yml)

 ![header](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/12515440/89997349-b3523080-dc94-11ea-9906-ca2e8bc50535.png)

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 <br/>

 <p align="center">
-  <img src="https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/assets/36505480/300bd062-4da5-4f19-9736-9c144a45d7a7" />
+  <img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f2940867-0a51-4bdb-8c14-1129d3c44e64" />
 </p>


@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@

 https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36505480/144874384-95f80f6d-a4f1-42cc-9be7-004c891dd481.mp4

+Please note, that video loads only if you are logged in your GitHub account. 
+
 </details>

 <br/>
@@ -64,7 +66,11 @@ If you are planning to run the VAD using solely the `onnx-runtime`, it will run
 from silero_vad import load_silero_vad, read_audio, get_speech_timestamps
 model = load_silero_vad()
 wav = read_audio('path_to_audio_file')
-speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(wav, model)
+speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(
+  wav,
+  model,
+  return_seconds=True,  # Return speech timestamps in seconds (default is samples)
+)
 ```

 **Using torch.hub**:
@@ -76,7 +82,11 @@ model, utils = torch.hub.load(repo_or_dir='snakers4/silero-vad', model='silero_v
 (get_speech_timestamps, _, read_audio, _, _) = utils

 wav = read_audio('path_to_audio_file')
-speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(wav, model)
+speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(
+  wav,
+  model,
+  return_seconds=True,  # Return speech timestamps in seconds (default is samples)
+)
 ```

 <br/>
@@ -165,4 +175,4 @@ Please see our [wiki](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-models/wiki) for releva

 - Voice activity detection for the [browser](https://github.com/ricky0123/vad) using ONNX Runtime Web

- [Rust](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/rust-example), [Go](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/go), [Java](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/java-example) and [other](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples) examples
+- [Rust](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/rust-example), [Go](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/go), [Java](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/java-example), [C++](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/cpp), [C#](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples/csharp) and [other](https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/tree/master/examples) community examples
--- a/examples/cpp/silero-vad-onnx.cpp
+++ b/examples/cpp/silero-vad-onnx.cpp
@@ -1,209 +1,225 @@
+#ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <iomanip>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <stdexcept>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include "onnxruntime_cxx_api.h"
-#include "wav.h"
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdarg>
+#include <cmath>    // for std::rint
 #if __cplusplus < 201703L
 #include <memory>
 #endif

 //#define __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___

-class timestamp_t
-{
+#include "onnxruntime_cxx_api.h"
+#include "wav.h" // For reading WAV files
+
+// timestamp_t class: stores the start and end (in samples) of a speech segment.
+class timestamp_t {
 public:
    int start;
    int end;

-    // default + parameterized constructor
    timestamp_t(int start = -1, int end = -1)
-        : start(start), end(end)
-    {
-    };
+        : start(start), end(end) { }

-    // assignment operator modifies object, therefore non-const
-    timestamp_t& operator=(const timestamp_t& a)
-    {
+    timestamp_t& operator=(const timestamp_t& a) {
        start = a.start;
        end = a.end;
        return *this;
-    };
+    }

-    // equality comparison. doesn't modify object. therefore const.
-    bool operator==(const timestamp_t& a) const
-    {
+    bool operator==(const timestamp_t& a) const {
        return (start == a.start && end == a.end);
-    };
-    std::string c_str()
-    {
-        //return std::format("timestamp {:08d}, {:08d}", start, end);
+    }
+
+    // Returns a formatted string of the timestamp.
+    std::string c_str() const {
        return format("{start:%08d, end:%08d}", start, end);
-    };
+    }
 private:
-
-    std::string format(const char* fmt, ...)
-    {
+    // Helper function for formatting.
+    std::string format(const char* fmt, ...) const {
        char buf[256];
-
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, fmt);
-        const auto r = std::vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, args);
+        const auto r = std::vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
-
        if (r < 0)
-            // conversion failed
            return {};
-
        const size_t len = r;
-        if (len < sizeof buf)
-            // we fit in the buffer
-            return { buf, len };
-
+        if (len < sizeof(buf))
+            return std::string(buf, len);
 #if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-        // C++17: Create a string and write to its underlying array
        std::string s(len, '\0');
        va_start(args, fmt);
        std::vsnprintf(s.data(), len + 1, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
-
        return s;
 #else
-        // C++11 or C++14: We need to allocate scratch memory
        auto vbuf = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[len + 1]);
        va_start(args, fmt);
        std::vsnprintf(vbuf.get(), len + 1, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
-
-        return { vbuf.get(), len };
+        return std::string(vbuf.get(), len);
 #endif
-    };
+    }
 };

-
-class VadIterator
-{
+// VadIterator class: uses ONNX Runtime to detect speech segments.
+class VadIterator {
 private:
-    // OnnxRuntime resources
+    // ONNX Runtime resources
    Ort::Env env;
    Ort::SessionOptions session_options;
    std::shared_ptr<Ort::Session> session = nullptr;
    Ort::AllocatorWithDefaultOptions allocator;
    Ort::MemoryInfo memory_info = Ort::MemoryInfo::CreateCpu(OrtArenaAllocator, OrtMemTypeCPU);

-private:
-    void init_engine_threads(int inter_threads, int intra_threads)
-    {
-        // The method should be called in each thread/proc in multi-thread/proc work
+    // ----- Context-related additions -----
+    const int context_samples = 64;  // For 16kHz, 64 samples are added as context.
+    std::vector<float> _context;     // Holds the last 64 samples from the previous chunk (initialized to zero).
+
+    // Original window size (e.g., 32ms corresponds to 512 samples)
+    int window_size_samples;
+    // Effective window size = window_size_samples + context_samples
+    int effective_window_size;
+
+    // Additional declaration: samples per millisecond
+    int sr_per_ms;
+
+    // ONNX Runtime input/output buffers
+    std::vector<Ort::Value> ort_inputs;
+    std::vector<const char*> input_node_names = { "input", "state", "sr" };
+    std::vector<float> input;
+    unsigned int size_state = 2 * 1 * 128;
+    std::vector<float> _state;
+    std::vector<int64_t> sr;
+    int64_t input_node_dims[2] = {};
+    const int64_t state_node_dims[3] = { 2, 1, 128 };
+    const int64_t sr_node_dims[1] = { 1 };
+    std::vector<Ort::Value> ort_outputs;
+    std::vector<const char*> output_node_names = { "output", "stateN" };
+
+    // Model configuration parameters
+    int sample_rate;
+    float threshold;
+    int min_silence_samples;
+    int min_silence_samples_at_max_speech;
+    int min_speech_samples;
+    float max_speech_samples;
+    int speech_pad_samples;
+    int audio_length_samples;
+
+    // State management
+    bool triggered = false;
+    unsigned int temp_end = 0;
+    unsigned int current_sample = 0;
+    int prev_end;
+    int next_start = 0;
+    std::vector<timestamp_t> speeches;
+    timestamp_t current_speech;
+
+    // Loads the ONNX model.
+    void init_onnx_model(const std::wstring& model_path) {
+        init_engine_threads(1, 1);
+        session = std::make_shared<Ort::Session>(env, model_path.c_str(), session_options);
+    }
+
+    // Initializes threading settings.
+    void init_engine_threads(int inter_threads, int intra_threads) {
        session_options.SetIntraOpNumThreads(intra_threads);
        session_options.SetInterOpNumThreads(inter_threads);
        session_options.SetGraphOptimizationLevel(GraphOptimizationLevel::ORT_ENABLE_ALL);
-    };
+    }

-    void init_onnx_model(const std::wstring& model_path)
-    {
-        // Init threads = 1 for 
-        init_engine_threads(1, 1);
-        // Load model
-        session = std::make_shared<Ort::Session>(env, model_path.c_str(), session_options);
-    };
-
-    void reset_states()
-    {
-        // Call reset before each audio start
-        std::memset(_state.data(), 0.0f, _state.size() * sizeof(float));
+    // Resets internal state (_state, _context, etc.)
+    void reset_states() {
+        std::memset(_state.data(), 0, _state.size() * sizeof(float));
        triggered = false;
        temp_end = 0;
        current_sample = 0;
-
        prev_end = next_start = 0;
-
        speeches.clear();
        current_speech = timestamp_t();
-    };
+        std::fill(_context.begin(), _context.end(), 0.0f);
+    }

-    void predict(const std::vector<float> &data)
-    {
-        // Infer
-        // Create ort tensors
-        input.assign(data.begin(), data.end());
+    // Inference: runs inference on one chunk of input data.
+    // data_chunk is expected to have window_size_samples samples.
+    void predict(const std::vector<float>& data_chunk) {
+        // Build new input: first context_samples from _context, followed by the current chunk (window_size_samples).
+        std::vector<float> new_data(effective_window_size, 0.0f);
+        std::copy(_context.begin(), _context.end(), new_data.begin());
+        std::copy(data_chunk.begin(), data_chunk.end(), new_data.begin() + context_samples);
+        input = new_data;
+
+        // Create input tensor (input_node_dims[1] is already set to effective_window_size).
        Ort::Value input_ort = Ort::Value::CreateTensor<float>(
            memory_info, input.data(), input.size(), input_node_dims, 2);
        Ort::Value state_ort = Ort::Value::CreateTensor<float>(
            memory_info, _state.data(), _state.size(), state_node_dims, 3);
        Ort::Value sr_ort = Ort::Value::CreateTensor<int64_t>(
            memory_info, sr.data(), sr.size(), sr_node_dims, 1);
-
-        // Clear and add inputs
        ort_inputs.clear();
        ort_inputs.emplace_back(std::move(input_ort));
        ort_inputs.emplace_back(std::move(state_ort));
        ort_inputs.emplace_back(std::move(sr_ort));

-        // Infer
+        // Run inference.
        ort_outputs = session->Run(
            Ort::RunOptions{ nullptr },
            input_node_names.data(), ort_inputs.data(), ort_inputs.size(),
            output_node_names.data(), output_node_names.size());

-        // Output probability & update h,c recursively
        float speech_prob = ort_outputs[0].GetTensorMutableData<float>()[0];
        float* stateN = ort_outputs[1].GetTensorMutableData<float>();
        std::memcpy(_state.data(), stateN, size_state * sizeof(float));
+        current_sample += static_cast<unsigned int>(window_size_samples); // Advance by the original window size.

-        // Push forward sample index
-        current_sample += window_size_samples;
-
-        // Reset temp_end when > threshold 
-        if ((speech_prob >= threshold))
-        {
+        // If speech is detected (probability >= threshold)
+        if (speech_prob >= threshold) {
 #ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples; // minus window_size_samples to get precise start time point.
-            printf("{    start: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0 * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample- window_size_samples);
-#endif //__DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            if (temp_end != 0)
-            {
+            float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples;
+            printf("{ start: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0f * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample - window_size_samples);
+#endif
+            if (temp_end != 0) {
                temp_end = 0;
                if (next_start < prev_end)
                    next_start = current_sample - window_size_samples;
            }
-            if (triggered == false)
-            {
+            if (!triggered) {
                triggered = true;
-
                current_speech.start = current_sample - window_size_samples;
            }
+            // Update context: copy the last context_samples from new_data.
+            std::copy(new_data.end() - context_samples, new_data.end(), _context.begin());
            return;
        }

-        if (
-            (triggered == true)
-            && ((current_sample - current_speech.start) > max_speech_samples)
-            ) {
+        // If the speech segment becomes too long.
+        if (triggered && ((current_sample - current_speech.start) > max_speech_samples)) {
            if (prev_end > 0) {
                current_speech.end = prev_end;
                speeches.push_back(current_speech);
                current_speech = timestamp_t();
-                
-                // previously reached silence(< neg_thres) and is still not speech(< thres)
                if (next_start < prev_end)
                    triggered = false;
-                else{
+                else
                    current_speech.start = next_start;
-                }
                prev_end = 0;
                next_start = 0;
                temp_end = 0;
-
            }
            else {
                current_speech.end = current_sample;
@@ -214,53 +230,29 @@ private:
                temp_end = 0;
                triggered = false;
            }
+            std::copy(new_data.end() - context_samples, new_data.end(), _context.begin());
            return;
-
        }
-        if ((speech_prob >= (threshold - 0.15)) && (speech_prob < threshold))
-        {
+
+        if ((speech_prob >= (threshold - 0.15)) && (speech_prob < threshold)) {
+            // When the speech probability temporarily drops but is still in speech, update context without changing state.
+            std::copy(new_data.end() - context_samples, new_data.end(), _context.begin());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (speech_prob < (threshold - 0.15)) {
+#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
+            float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples - speech_pad_samples;
+            printf("{ end: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0f * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample - window_size_samples);
+#endif
            if (triggered) {
-#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-                float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples; // minus window_size_samples to get precise start time point.
-                printf("{ speeking: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0 * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample - window_size_samples);
-#endif //__DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            }
-            else {
-#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-                float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples; // minus window_size_samples to get precise start time point.
-                printf("{  silence: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0 * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample - window_size_samples);
-#endif //__DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-
-        // 4) End 
-        if ((speech_prob < (threshold - 0.15)))
-        {
-#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            float speech = current_sample - window_size_samples - speech_pad_samples; // minus window_size_samples to get precise start time point.
-            printf("{      end: %.3f s (%.3f) %08d}\n", 1.0 * speech / sample_rate, speech_prob, current_sample - window_size_samples);
-#endif //__DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            if (triggered == true)
-            {
                if (temp_end == 0)
-                {
                    temp_end = current_sample;
-                }
                if (current_sample - temp_end > min_silence_samples_at_max_speech)
                    prev_end = temp_end;
-                // a. silence < min_slience_samples, continue speaking 
-                if ((current_sample - temp_end) < min_silence_samples)
-                {
-
-                }
-                // b. silence >= min_slience_samples, end speaking
-                else
-                {
+                if ((current_sample - temp_end) >= min_silence_samples) {
                    current_speech.end = temp_end;
-                    if (current_speech.end - current_speech.start > min_speech_samples)
-                    {
+                    if (current_speech.end - current_speech.start > min_speech_samples) {
                        speeches.push_back(current_speech);
                        current_speech = timestamp_t();
                        prev_end = 0;
@@ -270,27 +262,23 @@ private:
                    }
                }
            }
-            else {
-                // may first windows see end state.
-            }
+            std::copy(new_data.end() - context_samples, new_data.end(), _context.begin());
            return;
        }
-    };
-public:
-    void process(const std::vector<float>& input_wav)
-    {
-        reset_states();
-
-        audio_length_samples = input_wav.size();
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < audio_length_samples; j += window_size_samples)
-        {
-            if (j + window_size_samples > audio_length_samples)
-                break;
-            std::vector<float> r{ &input_wav[0] + j, &input_wav[0] + j + window_size_samples };
-            predict(r);
    }

+public:
+    // Process the entire audio input.
+    void process(const std::vector<float>& input_wav) {
+        reset_states();
+        audio_length_samples = static_cast<int>(input_wav.size());
+        // Process audio in chunks of window_size_samples (e.g., 512 samples)
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < static_cast<size_t>(audio_length_samples); j += static_cast<size_t>(window_size_samples)) {
+            if (j + static_cast<size_t>(window_size_samples) > static_cast<size_t>(audio_length_samples))
+                break;
+            std::vector<float> chunk(&input_wav[j], &input_wav[j] + window_size_samples);
+            predict(chunk);
+        }
        if (current_speech.start >= 0) {
            current_speech.end = audio_length_samples;
            speeches.push_back(current_speech);
@@ -300,179 +288,80 @@ public:
            temp_end = 0;
            triggered = false;
        }
-    };
-
-    void process(const std::vector<float>& input_wav, std::vector<float>& output_wav)
-    {
-        process(input_wav);
-        collect_chunks(input_wav, output_wav);
    }

-    void collect_chunks(const std::vector<float>& input_wav, std::vector<float>& output_wav)
-    {
-        output_wav.clear();
-        for (int i = 0; i < speeches.size(); i++) {
-#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            std::cout << speeches[i].c_str() << std::endl;
-#endif //#ifdef __DEBUG_SPEECH_PROB___
-            std::vector<float> slice(&input_wav[speeches[i].start], &input_wav[speeches[i].end]);
-            output_wav.insert(output_wav.end(),slice.begin(),slice.end());
-        }
-    };
-
-    const std::vector<timestamp_t> get_speech_timestamps() const
-    {
+    // Returns the detected speech timestamps.
+    const std::vector<timestamp_t> get_speech_timestamps() const {
        return speeches;
    }

-    void drop_chunks(const std::vector<float>& input_wav, std::vector<float>& output_wav)
-    {
-        output_wav.clear();
-        int current_start = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < speeches.size(); i++) {
-
-            std::vector<float> slice(&input_wav[current_start],&input_wav[speeches[i].start]);
-            output_wav.insert(output_wav.end(), slice.begin(), slice.end());
-            current_start = speeches[i].end;
+    // Public method to reset the internal state.
+    void reset() {
+        reset_states();
    }

-        std::vector<float> slice(&input_wav[current_start], &input_wav[input_wav.size()]);
-        output_wav.insert(output_wav.end(), slice.begin(), slice.end());
-    };
-
-private:
-    // model config
-    int64_t window_size_samples;  // Assign when init, support 256 512 768 for 8k; 512 1024 1536 for 16k.
-    int sample_rate;  //Assign when init support 16000 or 8000      
-    int sr_per_ms;   // Assign when init, support 8 or 16
-    float threshold; 
-    int min_silence_samples; // sr_per_ms * #ms
-    int min_silence_samples_at_max_speech; // sr_per_ms * #98
-    int min_speech_samples; // sr_per_ms * #ms
-    float max_speech_samples;
-    int speech_pad_samples; // usually a 
-    int audio_length_samples;
-
-    // model states
-    bool triggered = false;
-    unsigned int temp_end = 0;
-    unsigned int current_sample = 0;    
-    // MAX 4294967295 samples / 8sample per ms / 1000 / 60 = 8947 minutes  
-    int prev_end;
-    int next_start = 0;
-
-    //Output timestamp
-    std::vector<timestamp_t> speeches;
-    timestamp_t current_speech;
-
-
-    // Onnx model
-    // Inputs
-    std::vector<Ort::Value> ort_inputs;
-    
-    std::vector<const char *> input_node_names = {"input", "state", "sr"};
-    std::vector<float> input;
-    unsigned int size_state = 2 * 1 * 128; // It's FIXED.
-    std::vector<float> _state;
-    std::vector<int64_t> sr;
-
-    int64_t input_node_dims[2] = {};
-    const int64_t state_node_dims[3] = {2, 1, 128}; 
-    const int64_t sr_node_dims[1] = {1};
-
-    // Outputs
-    std::vector<Ort::Value> ort_outputs;
-    std::vector<const char *> output_node_names = {"output", "stateN"};
-
 public:
-    // Construction
+    // Constructor: sets model path, sample rate, window size (ms), and other parameters.
+    // The parameters are set to match the Python version.
    VadIterator(const std::wstring ModelPath,
        int Sample_rate = 16000, int windows_frame_size = 32,
-        float Threshold = 0.5, int min_silence_duration_ms = 0,
-        int speech_pad_ms = 32, int min_speech_duration_ms = 32,
+        float Threshold = 0.5, int min_silence_duration_ms = 100,
+        int speech_pad_ms = 30, int min_speech_duration_ms = 250,
        float max_speech_duration_s = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity())
+        : sample_rate(Sample_rate), threshold(Threshold), speech_pad_samples(speech_pad_ms), prev_end(0)
    {
-        init_onnx_model(ModelPath);
-        threshold = Threshold;
-        sample_rate = Sample_rate;
-        sr_per_ms = sample_rate / 1000;
-
-        window_size_samples = windows_frame_size * sr_per_ms;
-
-        min_speech_samples = sr_per_ms * min_speech_duration_ms;
-        speech_pad_samples = sr_per_ms * speech_pad_ms;
-
-        max_speech_samples = (
-            sample_rate * max_speech_duration_s
-            - window_size_samples
-            - 2 * speech_pad_samples
-            );
-
-        min_silence_samples = sr_per_ms * min_silence_duration_ms;
-        min_silence_samples_at_max_speech = sr_per_ms * 98;
-
-        input.resize(window_size_samples);
+        sr_per_ms = sample_rate / 1000;  // e.g., 16000 / 1000 = 16
+        window_size_samples = windows_frame_size * sr_per_ms; // e.g., 32ms * 16 = 512 samples
+        effective_window_size = window_size_samples + context_samples; // e.g., 512 + 64 = 576 samples
        input_node_dims[0] = 1;
-        input_node_dims[1] = window_size_samples;
-
+        input_node_dims[1] = effective_window_size;
        _state.resize(size_state);
        sr.resize(1);
        sr[0] = sample_rate;
-    };
+        _context.assign(context_samples, 0.0f);
+        min_speech_samples = sr_per_ms * min_speech_duration_ms;
+        max_speech_samples = (sample_rate * max_speech_duration_s - window_size_samples - 2 * speech_pad_samples);
+        min_silence_samples = sr_per_ms * min_silence_duration_ms;
+        min_silence_samples_at_max_speech = sr_per_ms * 98;
+        init_onnx_model(ModelPath);
+    }
 };

-int main()
-{
-    std::vector<timestamp_t> stamps;
-
-    // Read wav
-    wav::WavReader wav_reader("recorder.wav"); //16000,1,32float
-    std::vector<float> input_wav(wav_reader.num_samples());
-    std::vector<float> output_wav;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < wav_reader.num_samples(); i++)
-    {
+int main() {
+    // Read the WAV file (expects 16000 Hz, mono, PCM).
+    wav::WavReader wav_reader("audio/recorder.wav"); // File located in the "audio" folder.
+    int numSamples = wav_reader.num_samples();
+    std::vector<float> input_wav(static_cast<size_t>(numSamples));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(numSamples); i++) {
        input_wav[i] = static_cast<float>(*(wav_reader.data() + i));
    }

+    // Set the ONNX model path (file located in the "model" folder).
+    std::wstring model_path = L"model/silero_vad.onnx";

+    // Initialize the VadIterator.
+    VadIterator vad(model_path);

-    // ===== Test configs =====
-    std::wstring path = L"silero_vad.onnx";
-    VadIterator vad(path);
-
-    // ==============================================
-    // ==== = Example 1 of full function  ===== 
-    // ==============================================
+    // Process the audio.
    vad.process(input_wav);

-    // 1.a get_speech_timestamps
-    stamps = vad.get_speech_timestamps();
-    for (int i = 0; i < stamps.size(); i++) {
+    // Retrieve the speech timestamps (in samples).
+    std::vector<timestamp_t> stamps = vad.get_speech_timestamps();

-        std::cout << stamps[i].c_str() << std::endl;
+    // Convert timestamps to seconds and round to one decimal place (for 16000 Hz).
+    const float sample_rate_float = 16000.0f;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < stamps.size(); i++) {
+        float start_sec = std::rint((stamps[i].start / sample_rate_float) * 10.0f) / 10.0f;
+        float end_sec = std::rint((stamps[i].end / sample_rate_float) * 10.0f) / 10.0f;
+        std::cout << "Speech detected from "
+            << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << start_sec
+            << " s to "
+            << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << end_sec
+            << " s" << std::endl;
    }

-    // 1.b collect_chunks output wav
-    vad.collect_chunks(input_wav, output_wav);
+    // Optionally, reset the internal state.
+    vad.reset();

-    // 1.c drop_chunks output wav
-    vad.drop_chunks(input_wav, output_wav);
-
-    // ==============================================
-    // ===== Example 2 of simple full function  =====
-    // ==============================================
-    vad.process(input_wav, output_wav);
-
-    stamps = vad.get_speech_timestamps();
-    for (int i = 0; i < stamps.size(); i++) {
-
-        std::cout << stamps[i].c_str() << std::endl;
-    }
-
-    // ==============================================
-    // ===== Example 3 of full function  =====
-    // ==============================================
-    for(int i = 0; i<2; i++)
-        vad.process(input_wav, output_wav);
+    return 0;
 }
--- a/examples/cpp/wav.h
+++ b/examples/cpp/wav.h
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-
 #ifndef FRONTEND_WAV_H_
 #define FRONTEND_WAV_H_

+
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@

 #include <string>

+#include <iostream>
+
 // #include "utils/log.h"

 namespace wav {
@@ -230,6 +232,6 @@ class WavWriter {
  int bits_per_sample_;
 };

-}  // namespace wenet
+}  // namespace wav

 #endif  // FRONTEND_WAV_H_
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/README.md
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Silero-VAD V5 in C++ (based on LibTorch)
+
+This is the source code for Silero-VAD V5 in C++, utilizing LibTorch. The primary implementation is CPU-based, and you should compare its results with the Python version. Only results at 16kHz have been tested.
+
+Additionally, batch and CUDA inference options are available if you want to explore further. Note that when using batch inference, the speech probabilities may slightly differ from the standard version, likely due to differences in caching. Unlike individual input processing, batch inference may not use the cache from previous chunks. Despite this, batch inference offers significantly faster processing. For optimal performance, consider adjusting the threshold when using batch inference.
+
+## Requirements
+
+- GCC 11.4.0 (GCC >= 5.1)
+- LibTorch 1.13.0 (other versions are also acceptable)
+
+## Download LibTorch
+
+```bash
+-CPU Version
+wget https://download.pytorch.org/libtorch/cpu/libtorch-shared-with-deps-1.13.0%2Bcpu.zip
+unzip libtorch-shared-with-deps-1.13.0+cpu.zip'
+
+-CUDA Version
+wget https://download.pytorch.org/libtorch/cu116/libtorch-shared-with-deps-1.13.0%2Bcu116.zip
+unzip libtorch-shared-with-deps-1.13.0+cu116.zip
+```
+
+## Compilation
+
+```bash
+-CPU Version
+g++ main.cc silero_torch.cc -I ./libtorch/include/ -I ./libtorch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -L ./libtorch/lib/ -ltorch -ltorch_cpu -lc10 -Wl,-rpath,./libtorch/lib/ -o silero -std=c++14 -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0
+
+-CUDA Version
+g++ main.cc silero_torch.cc -I ./libtorch/include/ -I ./libtorch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -L ./libtorch/lib/ -ltorch -ltorch_cuda -ltorch_cpu -lc10 -Wl,-rpath,./libtorch/lib/ -o silero -std=c++14 -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -DUSE_GPU
+```
+
+
+## Optional Compilation Flags
+-DUSE_BATCH: Enable batch inference
+-DUSE_GPU: Use GPU for inference
+
+## Run the Program
+To run the program, use the following command:
+
+`./silero aepyx.wav 16000 0.5`
+
+The sample file aepyx.wav is part of the Voxconverse dataset.
+File details: aepyx.wav is a 16kHz, 16-bit audio file.
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/aepyx.wav
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/aepyx.wav
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/main.cc
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include "silero_torch.h"
+#include "wav.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+
+	if(argc != 4){
+		std::cerr<<"Usage : "<<argv[0]<<" <wav.path> <SampleRate> <Threshold>"<<std::endl;
+		std::cerr<<"Usage : "<<argv[0]<<" sample.wav 16000 0.5"<<std::endl;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	std::string wav_path = argv[1];
+	float sample_rate = std::stof(argv[2]);
+	float threshold = std::stof(argv[3]);
+
+
+	//Load Model
+	std::string model_path = "../../src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad.jit";
+	silero::VadIterator vad(model_path);
+
+        vad.threshold=threshold;	//(Default:0.5)
+	vad.sample_rate=sample_rate;	//16000Hz,8000Hz. (Default:16000)
+        vad.print_as_samples=true;	//if true, it prints time-stamp with samples. otherwise, in seconds
+					//(Default:false)
+
+	vad.SetVariables();
+
+	// Read wav
+	wav::WavReader wav_reader(wav_path); 
+	std::vector<float> input_wav(wav_reader.num_samples());
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < wav_reader.num_samples(); i++)
+	{
+		input_wav[i] = static_cast<float>(*(wav_reader.data() + i));
+	}
+
+	vad.SpeechProbs(input_wav);
+
+	std::vector<silero::SpeechSegment> speeches = vad.GetSpeechTimestamps();
+	for(const auto& speech : speeches){
+		if(vad.print_as_samples){
+			std::cout<<"{'start': "<<static_cast<int>(speech.start)<<", 'end': "<<static_cast<int>(speech.end)<<"}"<<std::endl;
+		}
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"{'start': "<<speech.start<<", 'end': "<<speech.end<<"}"<<std::endl;
+		}
+	}	
+
+
+	return 0;
+	}
+
+
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero_torch.cc
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero_torch.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+//Author      : Nathan Lee
+//Created On  : 2024-11-18
+//Description : silero 5.1 system for torch-script(c++).
+//Version     : 1.0
+
+
+#include "silero_torch.h"
+
+namespace silero {
+
+	VadIterator::VadIterator(const std::string &model_path, float threshold, int sample_rate, int window_size_ms, int speech_pad_ms, int min_silence_duration_ms, int min_speech_duration_ms, int max_duration_merge_ms, bool print_as_samples)
+		:sample_rate(sample_rate), threshold(threshold), window_size_ms(window_size_ms), speech_pad_ms(speech_pad_ms), min_silence_duration_ms(min_silence_duration_ms), min_speech_duration_ms(min_speech_duration_ms), max_duration_merge_ms(max_duration_merge_ms), print_as_samples(print_as_samples)
+	{
+		init_torch_model(model_path);
+		//init_engine(window_size_ms);
+	}
+	VadIterator::~VadIterator(){
+	}
+
+
+	void VadIterator::SpeechProbs(std::vector<float>& input_wav){
+		// Set the sample rate (must match the model's expected sample rate)
+		// Process the waveform in chunks of 512 samples
+		int num_samples = input_wav.size();
+		int num_chunks = num_samples / window_size_samples;
+		int remainder_samples = num_samples % window_size_samples;
+
+		total_sample_size += num_samples;
+
+		torch::Tensor output;
+		std::vector<torch::Tensor> chunks;
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < num_chunks; i++) {
+
+			float* chunk_start = input_wav.data() + i *window_size_samples;
+			torch::Tensor chunk = torch::from_blob(chunk_start, {1,window_size_samples}, torch::kFloat32);
+			//std::cout<<"chunk size : "<<chunk.sizes()<<std::endl;
+			chunks.push_back(chunk);
+
+
+			if(i==num_chunks-1 && remainder_samples>0){//마지막 chunk && 나머지가 존재
+				int remaining_samples = num_samples - num_chunks * window_size_samples;
+				//std::cout<<"Remainder size : "<<remaining_samples;
+				float* chunk_start_remainder = input_wav.data() + num_chunks *window_size_samples;
+
+				torch::Tensor remainder_chunk = torch::from_blob(chunk_start_remainder, {1,remaining_samples},
+						torch::kFloat32);
+				// Pad the remainder chunk to match window_size_samples
+				torch::Tensor padded_chunk = torch::cat({remainder_chunk, torch::zeros({1, window_size_samples
+							- remaining_samples}, torch::kFloat32)}, 1);
+				//std::cout<<", padded_chunk size : "<<padded_chunk.size(1)<<std::endl;
+
+				chunks.push_back(padded_chunk);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!chunks.empty()) {
+
+#ifdef USE_BATCH
+			torch::Tensor batched_chunks = torch::stack(chunks);  // Stack all chunks into a single tensor
+			//batched_chunks = batched_chunks.squeeze(1);
+			batched_chunks = torch::cat({batched_chunks.squeeze(1)});
+
+#ifdef USE_GPU
+			batched_chunks = batched_chunks.to(at::kCUDA);        // Move the entire batch to GPU once
+#endif
+			// Prepare input for model
+			std::vector<torch::jit::IValue> inputs;
+			inputs.push_back(batched_chunks);  // Batch of chunks
+			inputs.push_back(sample_rate);     // Assuming sample_rate is a valid input for the model
+
+			// Run inference on the batch
+			torch::NoGradGuard no_grad;
+			torch::Tensor output = model.forward(inputs).toTensor();
+#ifdef USE_GPU
+			output = output.to(at::kCPU);      // Move the output back to CPU once
+#endif
+			// Collect output probabilities
+			for (int i = 0; i < chunks.size(); i++) {
+				float output_f = output[i].item<float>();
+				outputs_prob.push_back(output_f);
+				//std::cout << "Chunk " << i << " prob: " << output_f<< "\n";
+			}
+#else
+
+			std::vector<torch::Tensor> outputs;
+			torch::Tensor batched_chunks = torch::stack(chunks);
+#ifdef USE_GPU
+			batched_chunks = batched_chunks.to(at::kCUDA);
+#endif
+			for (int i = 0; i < chunks.size(); i++) {
+				torch::NoGradGuard no_grad;
+				std::vector<torch::jit::IValue> inputs;
+				inputs.push_back(batched_chunks[i]);
+				inputs.push_back(sample_rate);
+
+				torch::Tensor output = model.forward(inputs).toTensor();
+				outputs.push_back(output);
+			}
+			torch::Tensor all_outputs = torch::stack(outputs);
+#ifdef USE_GPU
+			all_outputs = all_outputs.to(at::kCPU);
+#endif
+			for (int i = 0; i < chunks.size(); i++) {
+				float output_f = all_outputs[i].item<float>();
+				outputs_prob.push_back(output_f);
+			}
+
+
+
+#endif
+
+		}
+
+
+	}
+
+
+	std::vector<SpeechSegment> VadIterator::GetSpeechTimestamps() {
+		std::vector<SpeechSegment> speeches = DoVad();
+
+#ifdef USE_BATCH
+		//When you use BATCH inference. You would better use 'mergeSpeeches' function to arrage time stamp.
+		//It could be better get reasonable output because of distorted probs.
+		duration_merge_samples = sample_rate * max_duration_merge_ms / 1000;
+		std::vector<SpeechSegment> speeches_merge = mergeSpeeches(speeches, duration_merge_samples);
+		if(!print_as_samples){
+			for (auto& speech : speeches_merge) { //samples to second
+				speech.start /= sample_rate;
+				speech.end /= sample_rate;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return speeches_merge;
+#else
+
+		if(!print_as_samples){
+			for (auto& speech : speeches) { //samples to second
+				speech.start /= sample_rate;
+				speech.end /= sample_rate;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return speeches;
+
+#endif
+
+	}
+	void VadIterator::SetVariables(){
+		init_engine(window_size_ms);
+	}
+
+	void VadIterator::init_engine(int window_size_ms) {
+		min_silence_samples = sample_rate * min_silence_duration_ms / 1000;
+		speech_pad_samples = sample_rate * speech_pad_ms / 1000;
+		window_size_samples = sample_rate / 1000 * window_size_ms;
+		min_speech_samples = sample_rate * min_speech_duration_ms / 1000;
+	}
+
+	void VadIterator::init_torch_model(const std::string& model_path) {
+		at::set_num_threads(1);
+		model = torch::jit::load(model_path);
+
+#ifdef USE_GPU
+		if (!torch::cuda::is_available()) {
+			std::cout<<"CUDA is not available! Please check your GPU settings"<<std::endl;
+			throw std::runtime_error("CUDA is not available!");
+			model.to(at::Device(at::kCPU));    
+
+		} else {
+			std::cout<<"CUDA available! Running on '0'th GPU"<<std::endl;
+			model.to(at::Device(at::kCUDA, 0));        //select 0'th machine 
+		}
+#endif
+
+
+		model.eval();
+		torch::NoGradGuard no_grad;
+		std::cout << "Model loaded successfully"<<std::endl;
+	}
+
+	void VadIterator::reset_states() {
+		triggered = false;
+		current_sample = 0;
+		temp_end = 0;
+		outputs_prob.clear();
+		model.run_method("reset_states");
+		total_sample_size = 0;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<SpeechSegment> VadIterator::DoVad() {
+		std::vector<SpeechSegment> speeches;
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < outputs_prob.size(); ++i) {
+			float speech_prob = outputs_prob[i];
+			//std::cout << speech_prob << std::endl;
+			//std::cout << "Chunk " << i << " Prob: " << speech_prob << "\n";
+			//std::cout << speech_prob << " ";
+			current_sample += window_size_samples;
+
+			if (speech_prob >= threshold && temp_end != 0) {
+				temp_end = 0;
+			}
+
+			if (speech_prob >= threshold && !triggered) {
+				triggered = true;
+				SpeechSegment segment;
+				segment.start = std::max(static_cast<int>(0), current_sample - speech_pad_samples - window_size_samples);
+				speeches.push_back(segment);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (speech_prob < threshold - 0.15f && triggered) {
+				if (temp_end == 0) {
+					temp_end = current_sample;
+				}
+
+				if (current_sample - temp_end < min_silence_samples) {
+					continue;
+				} else {
+					SpeechSegment& segment = speeches.back();
+					segment.end = temp_end + speech_pad_samples - window_size_samples;
+					temp_end = 0;
+					triggered = false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (triggered) { //만약 낮은 확률을 보이다가  마지막프레임 prbos만 딱 확률이 높게 나오면 위에서 triggerd = true 메핑과 동시에  segment start가 돼서 문제가 될것 같은데? start = end 같은값? 후처리가 있으니 문제가 없으려나?
+			std::cout<<"when last triggered is keep working until last Probs"<<std::endl;
+			SpeechSegment& segment = speeches.back();
+			segment.end = total_sample_size;  // 현재 샘플을 마지막 구간의 종료 시간으로 설정
+			triggered = false;  // VAD 상태 초기화
+		}
+
+		speeches.erase(
+                		std::remove_if(
+                        speeches.begin(),
+                        speeches.end(),
+                        [this](const SpeechSegment& speech) {
+                        return ((speech.end - this->speech_pad_samples) - (speech.start + this->speech_pad_samples) < min_speech_samples);
+			//min_speech_samples is 4000samples(0.25sec)
+			//여기서 포인트!! 계산 할때는 start,end sample에'speech_pad_samples' 사이즈를 추가한후 길이를 측정함. 
+                        }
+                ),
+                speeches.end()
+              );
+
+
+		//std::cout<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"outputs_prob.size : "<<outputs_prob.size()<<std::endl;
+
+		reset_states();
+		return speeches;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<SpeechSegment> VadIterator::mergeSpeeches(const std::vector<SpeechSegment>& speeches, int duration_merge_samples) {
+		std::vector<SpeechSegment> mergedSpeeches;
+
+		if (speeches.empty()) {
+			return mergedSpeeches; // 빈 벡터 반환
+		}
+
+		// 첫 번째 구간으로 초기화
+		SpeechSegment currentSegment = speeches[0];
+
+		for (size_t i = 1; i < speeches.size(); ++i) {	//첫번째 start,end 정보 건너뛰기. 그래서 i=1부터
+			// 두 구간의 차이가 threshold(duration_merge_samples)보다 작은 경우, 합침
+			if (speeches[i].start - currentSegment.end < duration_merge_samples) {
+				// 현재 구간의 끝점을 업데이트
+				currentSegment.end = speeches[i].end;
+			} else {
+				// 차이가 threshold(duration_merge_samples) 이상이면 현재 구간을 저장하고 새로운 구간 시작
+				mergedSpeeches.push_back(currentSegment);
+				currentSegment = speeches[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// 마지막 구간 추가
+		mergedSpeeches.push_back(currentSegment);
+
+		return mergedSpeeches;
+	}
+
+	}
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero_torch.h
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/silero_torch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//Author      : Nathan Lee
+//Created On  : 2024-11-18
+//Description : silero 5.1 system for torch-script(c++).
+//Version     : 1.0
+
+#ifndef SILERO_TORCH_H
+#define SILERO_TORCH_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <torch/torch.h>
+#include <torch/script.h>
+
+
+namespace silero{
+
+	struct SpeechSegment{
+		int start;
+		int end;
+	};
+
+	class VadIterator{
+		public:
+
+			VadIterator(const std::string &model_path, float threshold = 0.5, int sample_rate = 16000, 
+				int window_size_ms = 32, int speech_pad_ms = 30, int min_silence_duration_ms = 100, 
+				int min_speech_duration_ms = 250, int max_duration_merge_ms = 300, bool print_as_samples = false);
+			~VadIterator(); 
+
+
+			void SpeechProbs(std::vector<float>& input_wav);
+			std::vector<silero::SpeechSegment> GetSpeechTimestamps();
+			void SetVariables();
+
+			float threshold;
+			int sample_rate;
+			int window_size_ms;
+			int min_speech_duration_ms;
+			int max_duration_merge_ms;
+			bool print_as_samples;
+
+		private:
+			torch::jit::script::Module model;
+			std::vector<float> outputs_prob;
+			int min_silence_samples;
+			int min_speech_samples;
+			int speech_pad_samples;
+			int window_size_samples;
+			int duration_merge_samples;
+			int current_sample = 0;
+
+			int total_sample_size=0;
+
+			int min_silence_duration_ms;
+			int speech_pad_ms;
+			bool triggered = false;
+			int temp_end = 0;
+
+			void init_engine(int window_size_ms);
+			void init_torch_model(const std::string& model_path);
+			void reset_states();
+			std::vector<SpeechSegment> DoVad();
+			std::vector<SpeechSegment> mergeSpeeches(const std::vector<SpeechSegment>& speeches, int duration_merge_samples);
+
+	};
+
+}
+#endif // SILERO_TORCH_H
--- a/examples/cpp_libtorch/wav.h
+++ b/examples/cpp_libtorch/wav.h
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Personal (Binbin Zhang)
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+
+#ifndef FRONTEND_WAV_H_
+#define FRONTEND_WAV_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+// #include "utils/log.h"
+
+namespace wav {
+
+struct WavHeader {
+  char riff[4];  // "riff"
+  unsigned int size;
+  char wav[4];  // "WAVE"
+  char fmt[4];  // "fmt "
+  unsigned int fmt_size;
+  uint16_t format;
+  uint16_t channels;
+  unsigned int sample_rate;
+  unsigned int bytes_per_second;
+  uint16_t block_size;
+  uint16_t bit;
+  char data[4];  // "data"
+  unsigned int data_size;
+};
+
+class WavReader {
+ public:
+  WavReader() : data_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit WavReader(const std::string& filename) { Open(filename); }
+
+  bool Open(const std::string& filename) {
+    FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb"); //文件读取
+    if (NULL == fp) {
+      std::cout << "Error in read " << filename;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    WavHeader header;
+    fread(&header, 1, sizeof(header), fp);
+    if (header.fmt_size < 16) {
+      printf("WaveData: expect PCM format data "
+              "to have fmt chunk of at least size 16.\n");
+      return false;
+    } else if (header.fmt_size > 16) {
+      int offset = 44 - 8 + header.fmt_size - 16;
+      fseek(fp, offset, SEEK_SET);
+      fread(header.data, 8, sizeof(char), fp);
+    }
+    // check "riff" "WAVE" "fmt " "data"
+
+    // Skip any sub-chunks between "fmt" and "data".  Usually there will
+    // be a single "fact" sub chunk, but on Windows there can also be a
+    // "list" sub chunk.
+    while (0 != strncmp(header.data, "data", 4)) {
+      // We will just ignore the data in these chunks.
+      fseek(fp, header.data_size, SEEK_CUR);
+      // read next sub chunk
+      fread(header.data, 8, sizeof(char), fp);
+    }
+
+    if (header.data_size == 0) {
+        int offset = ftell(fp);
+        fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+        header.data_size = ftell(fp) - offset;
+        fseek(fp, offset, SEEK_SET);
+    }
+
+    num_channel_ = header.channels;
+    sample_rate_ = header.sample_rate;
+    bits_per_sample_ = header.bit;
+    int num_data = header.data_size / (bits_per_sample_ / 8);
+    data_ = new float[num_data]; // Create 1-dim array
+    num_samples_ = num_data / num_channel_;
+
+    std::cout << "num_channel_    :" << num_channel_ << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "sample_rate_    :" << sample_rate_ << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "bits_per_sample_:" << bits_per_sample_ << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "num_samples     :" << num_data << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "num_data_size   :" << header.data_size << std::endl;
+
+    switch (bits_per_sample_) {
+        case 8: {
+            char sample;
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_data; ++i) {
+                fread(&sample, 1, sizeof(char), fp);
+                data_[i] = static_cast<float>(sample) / 32768;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 16: {
+            int16_t sample;
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_data; ++i) {
+                fread(&sample, 1, sizeof(int16_t), fp);
+                data_[i] = static_cast<float>(sample) / 32768;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 32:
+        {
+            if (header.format == 1) //S32
+            {
+                int sample;
+                for (int i = 0; i < num_data; ++i) {
+                    fread(&sample, 1, sizeof(int), fp);
+                    data_[i] = static_cast<float>(sample) / 32768;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (header.format == 3) // IEEE-float
+            {
+                float sample;
+                for (int i = 0; i < num_data; ++i) {
+                    fread(&sample, 1, sizeof(float), fp);
+                    data_[i] = static_cast<float>(sample);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                printf("unsupported quantization bits\n");
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            printf("unsupported quantization bits\n");
+            break;
+    }
+
+    fclose(fp);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int num_channel() const { return num_channel_; }
+  int sample_rate() const { return sample_rate_; }
+  int bits_per_sample() const { return bits_per_sample_; }
+  int num_samples() const { return num_samples_; }
+
+  ~WavReader() {
+    delete[] data_;
+  }
+
+  const float* data() const { return data_; }
+
+ private:
+  int num_channel_;
+  int sample_rate_;
+  int bits_per_sample_;
+  int num_samples_;  // sample points per channel
+  float* data_;
+};
+
+class WavWriter {
+ public:
+  WavWriter(const float* data, int num_samples, int num_channel,
+            int sample_rate, int bits_per_sample)
+      : data_(data),
+        num_samples_(num_samples),
+        num_channel_(num_channel),
+        sample_rate_(sample_rate),
+        bits_per_sample_(bits_per_sample) {}
+
+  void Write(const std::string& filename) {
+    FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
+    // init char 'riff' 'WAVE' 'fmt ' 'data'
+    WavHeader header;
+    char wav_header[44] = {0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57,
+                           0x41, 0x56, 0x45, 0x66, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
+                           0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                           0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                           0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+    memcpy(&header, wav_header, sizeof(header));
+    header.channels = num_channel_;
+    header.bit = bits_per_sample_;
+    header.sample_rate = sample_rate_;
+    header.data_size = num_samples_ * num_channel_ * (bits_per_sample_ / 8);
+    header.size = sizeof(header) - 8 + header.data_size;
+    header.bytes_per_second =
+        sample_rate_ * num_channel_ * (bits_per_sample_ / 8);
+    header.block_size = num_channel_ * (bits_per_sample_ / 8);
+
+    fwrite(&header, 1, sizeof(header), fp);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples_; ++i) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < num_channel_; ++j) {
+        switch (bits_per_sample_) {
+          case 8: {
+            char sample = static_cast<char>(data_[i * num_channel_ + j]);
+            fwrite(&sample, 1, sizeof(sample), fp);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            int16_t sample = static_cast<int16_t>(data_[i * num_channel_ + j]);
+            fwrite(&sample, 1, sizeof(sample), fp);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            int sample = static_cast<int>(data_[i * num_channel_ + j]);
+            fwrite(&sample, 1, sizeof(sample), fp);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    fclose(fp);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const float* data_;
+  int num_samples_;  // total float points in data_
+  int num_channel_;
+  int sample_rate_;
+  int bits_per_sample_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace wenet
+
+#endif  // FRONTEND_WAV_H_
--- a/examples/haskell/README.md
+++ b/examples/haskell/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Haskell example
+
+To run the example, make sure you put an ``example.wav`` in this directory, and then run the following:
+```bash
+stack run
+```
+
+The ``example.wav`` file must have the following requirements:
+- Must be 16khz sample rate.
+- Must be mono channel.
+- Must be 16-bit audio.
+
+This uses the [silero-vad](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/silero-vad) package, a haskell implementation based on the C# example.
--- a/examples/haskell/app/Main.hs
+++ b/examples/haskell/app/Main.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module Main (main) where
+
+import qualified Data.Vector.Storable as Vector
+import Data.WAVE
+import Data.Function
+import Silero
+
+main :: IO ()
+main =
+  withModel $ \model -> do
+    wav <- getWAVEFile "example.wav"
+    let samples =
+          concat (waveSamples wav)
+            & Vector.fromList
+            & Vector.map (realToFrac . sampleToDouble)
+    let vad =
+          (defaultVad model)
+            { startThreshold = 0.5
+            , endThreshold = 0.35
+            }
+    segments <- detectSegments vad samples
+    print segments
--- a/examples/haskell/example.cabal
+++ b/examples/haskell/example.cabal
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+cabal-version: 1.12
+
+-- This file has been generated from package.yaml by hpack version 0.37.0.
+--
+-- see: https://github.com/sol/hpack
+
+name:           example
+version:        0.1.0.0
+build-type:     Simple
+
+executable example-exe
+  main-is: Main.hs
+  other-modules:
+      Paths_example
+  hs-source-dirs:
+      app
+  ghc-options: -Wall -Wcompat -Widentities -Wincomplete-record-updates -Wincomplete-uni-patterns -Wmissing-export-lists -Wmissing-home-modules -Wpartial-fields -Wredundant-constraints -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N
+  build-depends:
+      WAVE
+    , base >=4.7 && <5
+    , silero-vad
+    , vector
+  default-language: Haskell2010
--- a/examples/haskell/package.yaml
+++ b/examples/haskell/package.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: example
+version: 0.1.0.0
+
+dependencies:
+- base >= 4.7 && < 5
+- silero-vad
+- WAVE
+- vector
+
+ghc-options:
+- -Wall
+- -Wcompat
+- -Widentities
+- -Wincomplete-record-updates
+- -Wincomplete-uni-patterns
+- -Wmissing-export-lists
+- -Wmissing-home-modules
+- -Wpartial-fields
+- -Wredundant-constraints
+
+executables:
+  example-exe:
+    main: Main.hs
+    source-dirs: app
+    ghc-options:
+    - -threaded
+    - -rtsopts
+    - -with-rtsopts=-N
--- a/examples/haskell/stack.yaml
+++ b/examples/haskell/stack.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+snapshot:
+  url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/commercialhaskell/stackage-snapshots/master/lts/20/26.yaml
+
+packages:
+- .
+
+extra-deps:
+  - silero-vad-0.1.0.4@sha256:2bff95be978a2782915b250edc795760d4cf76838e37bb7d4a965dc32566eb0f,5476
+  - WAVE-0.1.6@sha256:f744ff68f5e3a0d1f84fab373ea35970659085d213aef20860357512d0458c5c,1016
+  - derive-storable-0.3.1.0@sha256:bd1c51c155a00e2be18325d553d6764dd678904a85647d6ba952af998e70aa59,2313
+  - vector-0.13.2.0@sha256:98f5cb3080a3487527476e3c272dcadaba1376539f2aa0646f2f19b3af6b2f67,8481
--- a/examples/haskell/stack.yaml.lock
+++ b/examples/haskell/stack.yaml.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# This file was autogenerated by Stack.
+# You should not edit this file by hand.
+# For more information, please see the documentation at:
+#   https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/lock_files
+
+packages:
+- completed:
+    hackage: silero-vad-0.1.0.4@sha256:2bff95be978a2782915b250edc795760d4cf76838e37bb7d4a965dc32566eb0f,5476
+    pantry-tree:
+      sha256: a62e813f978d32c87769796fded981d25fcf2875bb2afdf60ed6279f931ccd7f
+      size: 1391
+  original:
+    hackage: silero-vad-0.1.0.4@sha256:2bff95be978a2782915b250edc795760d4cf76838e37bb7d4a965dc32566eb0f,5476
+- completed:
+    hackage: WAVE-0.1.6@sha256:f744ff68f5e3a0d1f84fab373ea35970659085d213aef20860357512d0458c5c,1016
+    pantry-tree:
+      sha256: ee5ccd70fa7fe6ffc360ebd762b2e3f44ae10406aa27f3842d55b8cbd1a19498
+      size: 405
+  original:
+    hackage: WAVE-0.1.6@sha256:f744ff68f5e3a0d1f84fab373ea35970659085d213aef20860357512d0458c5c,1016
+- completed:
+    hackage: derive-storable-0.3.1.0@sha256:bd1c51c155a00e2be18325d553d6764dd678904a85647d6ba952af998e70aa59,2313
+    pantry-tree:
+      sha256: 48e35a72d1bb593173890616c8d7efd636a650a306a50bb3e1513e679939d27e
+      size: 902
+  original:
+    hackage: derive-storable-0.3.1.0@sha256:bd1c51c155a00e2be18325d553d6764dd678904a85647d6ba952af998e70aa59,2313
+- completed:
+    hackage: vector-0.13.2.0@sha256:98f5cb3080a3487527476e3c272dcadaba1376539f2aa0646f2f19b3af6b2f67,8481
+    pantry-tree:
+      sha256: 2176fd677a02a4c47337f7dca5aeca2745dbb821a6ea5c7099b3a991ecd7f4f0
+      size: 4478
+  original:
+    hackage: vector-0.13.2.0@sha256:98f5cb3080a3487527476e3c272dcadaba1376539f2aa0646f2f19b3af6b2f67,8481
+snapshots:
+- completed:
+    sha256: 5a59b2a405b3aba3c00188453be172b85893cab8ebc352b1ef58b0eae5d248a2
+    size: 650475
+    url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/commercialhaskell/stackage-snapshots/master/lts/20/26.yaml
+  original:
+    url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/commercialhaskell/stackage-snapshots/master/lts/20/26.yaml
--- a/hubconf.py
+++ b/hubconf.py
@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@ def versiontuple(v):
    return tuple(version_list)


-def silero_vad(onnx=False, force_onnx_cpu=False):
+def silero_vad(onnx=False, force_onnx_cpu=False, opset_version=16):
    """Silero Voice Activity Detector
    Returns a model with a set of utils
    Please see https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad for usage examples
    """
+    available_ops = [15, 16]
+    if onnx and opset_version not in available_ops:
+        raise Exception(f'Available ONNX opset_version: {available_ops}')

    if not onnx:
        installed_version = torch.__version__
@@ -37,7 +40,11 @@ def silero_vad(onnx=False, force_onnx_cpu=False):

    model_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'src', 'silero_vad', 'data')
    if onnx:
-        model = OnnxWrapper(os.path.join(model_dir, 'silero_vad.onnx'), force_onnx_cpu)
+        if opset_version == 16:
+            model_name = 'silero_vad.onnx'
+        else:
+            model_name = f'silero_vad_16k_op{opset_version}.onnx'
+        model = OnnxWrapper(os.path.join(model_dir, model_name), force_onnx_cpu)
    else:
        model = init_jit_model(os.path.join(model_dir, 'silero_vad.jit'))
    utils = (get_speech_timestamps,
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ requires = ["hatchling"]
 build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 [project]
 name = "silero-vad"
-version = "5.1.2"
+version = "6.0.0"
 authors = [
  {name="Silero Team", email="hello@silero.ai"},
 ]
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ classifiers = [
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15",
    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence",
    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",
 ]
--- a/src/silero_vad/init.py
+++ b/src/silero_vad/init.py
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ from silero_vad.utils_vad import (get_speech_timestamps,
                                  save_audio,
                                  read_audio,
                                  VADIterator,
-                                  collect_chunks)
+                                  collect_chunks,
+                                  drop_chunks)
--- a/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad.jit
+++ b/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad.jit
--- a/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad.onnx
+++ b/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad.onnx
--- a/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad_16k_op15.onnx
+++ b/src/silero_vad/data/silero_vad_16k_op15.onnx
--- a/src/silero_vad/model.py
+++ b/src/silero_vad/model.py
@@ -2,8 +2,19 @@ from .utils_vad import init_jit_model, OnnxWrapper
 import torch
 torch.set_num_threads(1)

-def load_silero_vad(onnx=False):
-    model_name = 'silero_vad.onnx' if onnx else 'silero_vad.jit'
+
+def load_silero_vad(onnx=False, opset_version=16):
+    available_ops = [15, 16]
+    if onnx and opset_version not in available_ops:
+        raise Exception(f'Available ONNX opset_version: {available_ops}')
+
+    if onnx:
+        if opset_version == 16:
+            model_name = 'silero_vad.onnx'
+        else:
+            model_name = f'silero_vad_16k_op{opset_version}.onnx'
+    else:
+        model_name = 'silero_vad.jit'
    package_path = "silero_vad.data"

    try:
@@ -18,7 +29,7 @@ def load_silero_vad(onnx=False):
            model_file_path = str(impresources.files(package_path).joinpath(model_name))

    if onnx:
-        model = OnnxWrapper(model_file_path, force_onnx_cpu=True)
+        model = OnnxWrapper(str(model_file_path), force_onnx_cpu=True)
    else:
        model = init_jit_model(model_file_path)

--- a/src/silero_vad/utils_vad.py
+++ b/src/silero_vad/utils_vad.py
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ class OnnxWrapper():
            self.session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession(path, sess_options=opts)

        self.reset_states()
+        if '16k' in path:
+            warnings.warn('This model support only 16000 sampling rate!')
+            self.sample_rates = [16000]
+        else:
            self.sample_rates = [8000, 16000]

    def _validate_input(self, x, sr: int):
@@ -193,10 +197,13 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
                          min_silence_duration_ms: int = 100,
                          speech_pad_ms: int = 30,
                          return_seconds: bool = False,
+                          time_resolution: int = 1,
                          visualize_probs: bool = False,
                          progress_tracking_callback: Callable[[float], None] = None,
                          neg_threshold: float = None,
-                          window_size_samples: int = 512,):
+                          window_size_samples: int = 512,
+                          min_silence_at_max_speech: float = 98,
+                          use_max_poss_sil_at_max_speech: bool = True):

    """
    This method is used for splitting long audios into speech chunks using silero VAD
@@ -232,6 +239,9 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
    return_seconds: bool (default - False)
        whether return timestamps in seconds (default - samples)

+    time_resolution: bool (default - 1)
+        time resolution of speech coordinates when requested as seconds
+
    visualize_probs: bool (default - False)
        whether draw prob hist or not

@@ -241,6 +251,12 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
    neg_threshold: float (default = threshold - 0.15)
        Negative threshold (noise or exit threshold). If model's current state is SPEECH, values BELOW this value are considered as NON-SPEECH.

+    min_silence_at_max_speech: float (default - 98ms)
+        Minimum silence duration in ms which is used to avoid abrupt cuts when max_speech_duration_s is reached
+
+    use_max_poss_sil_at_max_speech: bool (default - True)
+        Whether to use the maximum possible silence at max_speech_duration_s or not. If not, the last silence is used.
+
    window_size_samples: int (default - 512 samples)
        !!! DEPRECATED, DOES NOTHING !!!

@@ -249,7 +265,6 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
    speeches: list of dicts
        list containing ends and beginnings of speech chunks (samples or seconds based on return_seconds)
    """
-
    if not torch.is_tensor(audio):
        try:
            audio = torch.Tensor(audio)
@@ -274,25 +289,29 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
        raise ValueError("Currently silero VAD models support 8000 and 16000 (or multiply of 16000) sample rates")

    window_size_samples = 512 if sampling_rate == 16000 else 256
+    hop_size_samples = int(window_size_samples)

    model.reset_states()
    min_speech_samples = sampling_rate * min_speech_duration_ms / 1000
    speech_pad_samples = sampling_rate * speech_pad_ms / 1000
    max_speech_samples = sampling_rate * max_speech_duration_s - window_size_samples - 2 * speech_pad_samples
    min_silence_samples = sampling_rate * min_silence_duration_ms / 1000
-    min_silence_samples_at_max_speech = sampling_rate * 98 / 1000
+    min_silence_samples_at_max_speech = sampling_rate * min_silence_at_max_speech / 1000

    audio_length_samples = len(audio)

    speech_probs = []
-    for current_start_sample in range(0, audio_length_samples, window_size_samples):
+    for current_start_sample in range(0, audio_length_samples, hop_size_samples):
        chunk = audio[current_start_sample: current_start_sample + window_size_samples]
        if len(chunk) < window_size_samples:
            chunk = torch.nn.functional.pad(chunk, (0, int(window_size_samples - len(chunk))))
+        try:
            speech_prob = model(chunk, sampling_rate).item()
+        except Exception as e:
+            import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
        speech_probs.append(speech_prob)
        # caculate progress and seng it to callback function
-        progress = current_start_sample + window_size_samples
+        progress = current_start_sample + hop_size_samples
        if progress > audio_length_samples:
            progress = audio_length_samples
        progress_percent = (progress / audio_length_samples) * 100
@@ -304,45 +323,59 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
    current_speech = {}

    if neg_threshold is None:
-        neg_threshold = threshold - 0.15
+        neg_threshold = max(threshold - 0.15, 0.01)
    temp_end = 0  # to save potential segment end (and tolerate some silence)
    prev_end = next_start = 0  # to save potential segment limits in case of maximum segment size reached
+    possible_ends = []

    for i, speech_prob in enumerate(speech_probs):
        if (speech_prob >= threshold) and temp_end:
+            if temp_end != 0:
+                sil_dur = (hop_size_samples * i) - temp_end
+                if sil_dur > min_silence_samples_at_max_speech:
+                    possible_ends.append((temp_end, sil_dur))
                temp_end = 0
            if next_start < prev_end:
-                next_start = window_size_samples * i
+                next_start = hop_size_samples * i

        if (speech_prob >= threshold) and not triggered:
            triggered = True
-            current_speech['start'] = window_size_samples * i
+            current_speech['start'] = hop_size_samples * i
            continue

-        if triggered and (window_size_samples * i) - current_speech['start'] > max_speech_samples:
-            if prev_end:
+        if triggered and (hop_size_samples * i) - current_speech['start'] > max_speech_samples:
+            if possible_ends:
+                if use_max_poss_sil_at_max_speech:
+                    prev_end, dur = max(possible_ends, key=lambda x: x[1])  # use the longest possible silence segment in the current speech chunk
+                else:
+                    prev_end, dur = possible_ends[-1]   # use the last possible silence segement
                current_speech['end'] = prev_end
                speeches.append(current_speech)
                current_speech = {}
-                if next_start < prev_end:  # previously reached silence (< neg_thres) and is still not speech (< thres)
-                    triggered = False
-                else:
+                next_start = prev_end + dur
+                if next_start < prev_end + hop_size_samples * i:  # previously reached silence (< neg_thres) and is still not speech (< thres)
+                    #triggered = False
                    current_speech['start'] = next_start
-                prev_end = next_start = temp_end = 0
                else:
-                current_speech['end'] = window_size_samples * i
+                    triggered = False
+                    #current_speech['start'] = next_start
+                prev_end = next_start = temp_end = 0
+                possible_ends = []
+            else:
+                current_speech['end'] = hop_size_samples * i
                speeches.append(current_speech)
                current_speech = {}
                prev_end = next_start = temp_end = 0
                triggered = False
+                possible_ends = []
                continue

        if (speech_prob < neg_threshold) and triggered:
            if not temp_end:
-                temp_end = window_size_samples * i
-            if ((window_size_samples * i) - temp_end) > min_silence_samples_at_max_speech:  # condition to avoid cutting in very short silence
-                prev_end = temp_end
-            if (window_size_samples * i) - temp_end < min_silence_samples:
+                temp_end = hop_size_samples * i
+            # if ((hop_size_samples * i) - temp_end) > min_silence_samples_at_max_speech:  # condition to avoid cutting in very short silence
+            #     prev_end = temp_end
+            if (hop_size_samples * i) - temp_end < min_silence_samples:
                continue
            else:
                current_speech['end'] = temp_end
@@ -351,6 +384,7 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
                current_speech = {}
                prev_end = next_start = temp_end = 0
                triggered = False
+                possible_ends = []
                continue

    if current_speech and (audio_length_samples - current_speech['start']) > min_speech_samples:
@@ -372,16 +406,17 @@ def get_speech_timestamps(audio: torch.Tensor,
            speech['end'] = int(min(audio_length_samples, speech['end'] + speech_pad_samples))

    if return_seconds:
+        audio_length_seconds = audio_length_samples / sampling_rate
        for speech_dict in speeches:
-            speech_dict['start'] = round(speech_dict['start'] / sampling_rate, 1)
-            speech_dict['end'] = round(speech_dict['end'] / sampling_rate, 1)
+            speech_dict['start'] = max(round(speech_dict['start'] / sampling_rate, time_resolution), 0)
+            speech_dict['end'] = min(round(speech_dict['end'] / sampling_rate, time_resolution), audio_length_seconds)
    elif step > 1:
        for speech_dict in speeches:
            speech_dict['start'] *= step
            speech_dict['end'] *= step

    if visualize_probs:
-        make_visualization(speech_probs, window_size_samples / sampling_rate)
+        make_visualization(speech_probs, hop_size_samples / sampling_rate)

    return speeches

@@ -435,13 +470,16 @@ class VADIterator:
        self.current_sample = 0

    @torch.no_grad()
-    def __call__(self, x, return_seconds=False):
+    def __call__(self, x, return_seconds=False, time_resolution: int = 1):
        """
        x: torch.Tensor
            audio chunk (see examples in repo)

        return_seconds: bool (default - False)
            whether return timestamps in seconds (default - samples)
+
+        time_resolution: int (default - 1)
+            time resolution of speech coordinates when requested as seconds
        """

        if not torch.is_tensor(x):
@@ -461,7 +499,7 @@ class VADIterator:
        if (speech_prob >= self.threshold) and not self.triggered:
            self.triggered = True
            speech_start = max(0, self.current_sample - self.speech_pad_samples - window_size_samples)
-            return {'start': int(speech_start) if not return_seconds else round(speech_start / self.sampling_rate, 1)}
+            return {'start': int(speech_start) if not return_seconds else round(speech_start / self.sampling_rate, time_resolution)}

        if (speech_prob < self.threshold - 0.15) and self.triggered:
            if not self.temp_end:
@@ -472,24 +510,110 @@ class VADIterator:
                speech_end = self.temp_end + self.speech_pad_samples - window_size_samples
                self.temp_end = 0
                self.triggered = False
-                return {'end': int(speech_end) if not return_seconds else round(speech_end / self.sampling_rate, 1)}
+                return {'end': int(speech_end) if not return_seconds else round(speech_end / self.sampling_rate, time_resolution)}

        return None


 def collect_chunks(tss: List[dict],
-                   wav: torch.Tensor):
-    chunks = []
-    for i in tss:
+                   wav: torch.Tensor,
+                   seconds: bool = False,
+                   sampling_rate: int = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Collect audio chunks from a longer audio clip
+
+    This method extracts audio chunks from an audio clip, using a list of
+    provided coordinates, and concatenates them together. Coordinates can be
+    passed either as sample numbers or in seconds, in which case the audio
+    sampling rate is also needed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tss: List[dict]
+        Coordinate list of the clips to collect from the audio.
+    wav: torch.Tensor, one dimensional
+        One dimensional float torch.Tensor, containing the audio to clip.
+    seconds: bool (default - False)
+        Whether input coordinates are passed as seconds or samples.
+    sampling_rate: int (default - None)
+        Input audio sampling rate. Required if seconds is True.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    torch.Tensor, one dimensional
+        One dimensional float torch.Tensor of the concatenated clipped audio
+        chunks.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Raised if sampling_rate is not provided when seconds is True.
+
+    """
+    if seconds and not sampling_rate:
+        raise ValueError('sampling_rate must be provided when seconds is True')
+
+    chunks = list()
+    _tss = _seconds_to_samples_tss(tss, sampling_rate) if seconds else tss
+
+    for i in _tss:
        chunks.append(wav[i['start']:i['end']])
+
    return torch.cat(chunks)


 def drop_chunks(tss: List[dict],
-                wav: torch.Tensor):
-    chunks = []
+                wav: torch.Tensor,
+                seconds: bool = False,
+                sampling_rate: int = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Drop audio chunks from a longer audio clip
+
+    This method extracts audio chunks from an audio clip, using a list of
+    provided coordinates, and drops them. Coordinates can be passed either as
+    sample numbers or in seconds, in which case the audio sampling rate is also
+    needed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tss: List[dict]
+        Coordinate list of the clips to drop from from the audio.
+    wav: torch.Tensor, one dimensional
+        One dimensional float torch.Tensor, containing the audio to clip.
+    seconds: bool (default - False)
+        Whether input coordinates are passed as seconds or samples.
+    sampling_rate: int (default - None)
+        Input audio sampling rate. Required if seconds is True.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    torch.Tensor, one dimensional
+        One dimensional float torch.Tensor of the input audio minus the dropped
+        chunks.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Raised if sampling_rate is not provided when seconds is True.
+
+    """
+    if seconds and not sampling_rate:
+        raise ValueError('sampling_rate must be provided when seconds is True')
+
+    chunks = list()
    cur_start = 0
-    for i in tss:
+
+    _tss = _seconds_to_samples_tss(tss, sampling_rate) if seconds else tss
+
+    for i in _tss:
        chunks.append((wav[cur_start: i['start']]))
        cur_start = i['end']
+
    return torch.cat(chunks)
+
+
+def _seconds_to_samples_tss(tss: List[dict], sampling_rate: int) -> List[dict]:
+    """Convert coordinates expressed in seconds to sample coordinates.
+    """
+    return [{
+        'start': round(crd['start']) * sampling_rate,
+        'end': round(crd['end']) * sampling_rate
+    } for crd in tss]
--- a/tests/data/test.mp3
+++ b/tests/data/test.mp3
--- a/tests/data/test.opus
+++ b/tests/data/test.opus
--- a/tests/data/test.wav
+++ b/tests/data/test.wav
--- a/tests/test_basic.py
+++ b/tests/test_basic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from silero_vad import load_silero_vad, read_audio, get_speech_timestamps
+import torch
+torch.set_num_threads(1)
+
+def test_jit_model():
+    model = load_silero_vad(onnx=False)
+    for path in ["tests/data/test.wav", "tests/data/test.opus", "tests/data/test.mp3"]:
+        audio = read_audio(path, sampling_rate=16000)
+        speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(audio, model, visualize_probs=False, return_seconds=True)
+        assert speech_timestamps is not None
+        out = model.audio_forward(audio, sr=16000)
+        assert out is not None
+
+def test_onnx_model():
+    model = load_silero_vad(onnx=True)
+    for path in ["tests/data/test.wav", "tests/data/test.opus", "tests/data/test.mp3"]:
+        audio = read_audio(path, sampling_rate=16000)
+        speech_timestamps = get_speech_timestamps(audio, model, visualize_probs=False, return_seconds=True)
+        assert speech_timestamps is not None
+
+        out = model.audio_forward(audio, sr=16000)
+        assert out is not None
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Dimitrii Voronin	fba061dc55	Merge pull request #677 from snakers4/adamnsandle get rid of hop_size_ratio	2025-08-26 09:54:35 +03:00
adamnsandle	11631356a2	get rid of hop_size_ratio	2025-08-26 06:53:53 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	34dea51680	Merge pull request #664 from shashank14k/master Adding additional params to get_speech_timestamps	2025-08-26 09:50:44 +03:00
Dimitrii Voronin	51fd43130a	Update README.md	2025-08-25 19:30:20 +03:00
Dimitrii Voronin	3080062489	Update README.md	2025-08-25 18:07:06 +03:00
Dimitrii Voronin	f974f2d6bc	Merge pull request #676 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 17:59:19 +03:00
adamnsandle	f1886d9088	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2025-08-25 14:57:11 +00:00
adamnsandle	4c00cd14be	add v6 models	2025-08-25 14:56:50 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	5d70880844	Merge pull request #675 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 17:28:38 +03:00
adamnsandle	a16f3ed079	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2025-08-25 14:27:26 +00:00
adamnsandle	b0fbf4bec6	fx	2025-08-25 14:27:15 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	ab02267584	Merge pull request #674 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 17:09:07 +03:00
adamnsandle	485a7d91b0	git push Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2025-08-25 14:08:15 +00:00
adamnsandle	1da76acfc3	fx	2025-08-25 14:07:32 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	3c70b587e8	Merge pull request #673 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 16:56:19 +03:00
adamnsandle	7aff370d68	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2025-08-25 13:55:30 +00:00
adamnsandle	931eddfdab	fx	2025-08-25 13:55:24 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	6143b9a5d9	Merge pull request #672 from snakers4/adamnsandle fx	2025-08-25 16:46:24 +03:00
adamnsandle	8ca8cf7d9b	fx	2025-08-25 13:45:36 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	ad0fdbe4ac	Merge pull request #671 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 16:40:10 +03:00
adamnsandle	06806eb70b	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2025-08-25 13:39:32 +00:00
adamnsandle	c90e1603c5	fx	2025-08-25 13:39:15 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	023d3a36f0	Merge pull request #670 from snakers4/adamnsandle fx	2025-08-25 16:25:39 +03:00
adamnsandle	aa2a66cf46	fx	2025-08-25 13:24:43 +00:00
Dimitrii Voronin	b1cd34aae2	Merge pull request #669 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2025-08-25 16:17:17 +03:00
adamnsandle	50be3744fe	fix	2025-08-25 13:08:02 +00:00
adamnsandle	fce776f872	fix workflow	2025-08-25 12:59:58 +00:00
adamnsandle	fbddc91a5d	initial autotest commit	2025-08-25 12:54:47 +00:00
shashank14k	bbf22a0064	Added params for hop_size, and min_silence_at_max speech to cut at a possible silence when max_dur reached to avoid abrupt cuts	2025-07-25 20:51:40 +05:30
Alexander Veysov	94811cbe12	Merge pull request #656 from davidrs/patch-1 Surface drop_chunks in init	2025-06-11 07:45:36 +03:00
David Rust-Smith	22a2362b4c	Surface drop_chunks in init	2025-06-10 11:36:10 -07:00
Dimitrii Voronin	0dd45f0bcd	Merge pull request #626 from b3by/feature/process_chunks_in_seconds Use second coordinates for audio concatenation in collect_chunks and drop_chunks	2025-03-24 19:02:56 +03:00
Dimitrii Voronin	feba8cd5c4	Merge pull request #627 from b3by/feature/time_coordinates_resolution Specify time resolution when returning speech coordinates in seconds	2025-03-24 18:59:25 +03:00
Antonio Bevilacqua	6622e562e4	time resolution can be specified when coordinates are returned in seconds	2025-03-24 08:53:28 +01:00
Antonio Bevilacqua	d5625d5c38	added audio concatenation for collect_chunks and drop_chunks based on second coordinates	2025-03-21 13:06:59 +01:00
Alexander Veysov	cd92290a15	Merge pull request #605 from OJRYK/fix/cpp-vad-context Fix/cpp vad context	2025-02-17 11:01:04 +03:00
Ojuro Yokoyama	33a9d190fe	Update wav.h	2025-02-17 16:03:42 +09:00
Ojuro Yokoyama	7440bc4689	Update silero-vad-onnx.cpp I fixed bug of silero-vad-onnx.cpp	2025-02-17 16:02:24 +09:00
Alexander Veysov	10e7e8a8bc	Merge pull request #601 from kiwamizamurai/master Add CITATION.cff file for proper citation	2025-02-11 08:42:10 +03:00
きわみざむらい	5a5b662496	Create CITATION.cff	2025-02-11 08:54:16 +09:00
Alexander Veysov	9060f664f2	Merge pull request #591 from qwbarch/master Add haskell example	2024-12-26 19:05:13 +03:00
qwbarch	94271e9096	Add haskell example	2024-12-26 11:18:10 -05:00
Dimitrii Voronin	3f9fffc261	Merge pull request #581 from snakers4/adamnsandle fx negative ths bug	2024-11-25 16:55:38 +03:00
adamnsandle	eaf633ec9d	fx negative ths bug	2024-11-25 13:54:46 +00:00
Alexander Veysov	cff5eb2980	Merge pull request #578 from NathanJHLee/add-torch-cpp Add cpp source based on libtorch	2024-11-22 11:26:49 +03:00
Dimitrii Voronin	f356a8081a	Merge pull request #579 from snakers4/adamnsandle fx https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/issues/576	2024-11-22 11:18:26 +03:00
adamnsandle	782e30d28f	fx https://github.com/snakers4/silero-vad/issues/576	2024-11-22 08:17:25 +00:00
Nathan Lee	caee535cf6	ReadMe v4	2024-11-22 06:48:27 +00:00
Nathan Lee	8ab5be005f	ReadMe v3	2024-11-22 06:46:28 +00:00
Nathan Lee	9f67a54e87	ReadMe v2	2024-11-22 06:42:20 +00:00
Nathan Lee	c8df1dee3f	modified Readme	2024-11-22 06:35:16 +00:00
Nathan Lee	0189ebd8af	Changed some source.	2024-11-22 06:21:49 +00:00
Nathan Lee	05e380c1de	add c++ inference based on libtorch	2024-11-22 00:10:13 +00:00
Alexander Veysov	93b9782f28	Merge pull request #573 from snakers4/adamnsandle Adamnsandle	2024-11-13 12:32:55 +03:00
adamnsandle	d2ab7c254e	add just 16k model	2024-11-13 08:53:27 +00:00
adamnsandle	6217b08bbb	add other opsets	2024-11-12 08:25:06 +00:00
adamnsandle	d53ba1ea11	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2024-11-12 08:19:54 +00:00
Alexander Veysov	102e6d0962	Add downloads shield	2024-11-07 14:40:33 +03:00
Alexander Veysov	e531cd3462	Update README.md	2024-10-21 10:22:02 +03:00
Alexander Veysov	fd41da0b15	Merge pull request #553 from EarningsCall/master Improve documentation.	2024-10-12 18:25:46 +03:00
EarningsCall	9db72c35bd	Update README.md update again	2024-10-12 09:23:29 -05:00
EarningsCall	867a067bee	Update README.md I assume most people want seconds, so it's useful to show example to return seconds in README file.	2024-10-12 09:22:39 -05:00
Alexander Veysov	2c43391b17	Update README.md	2024-10-09 12:56:22 +03:00
adamnsandle	add6e3028e	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:snakers4/silero-vad into adamnsandle	2024-10-09 09:48:51 +00:00
adamnsandle	e7025ed8c5	5.1.1 tag	2024-10-09 09:48:37 +00:00