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<h1 id="core-concepts">Core Concepts</h1>
<p>The core of FastRTC is the <code>Stream</code> object. It can be used to stream audio, video, or both.</p>
<p>Here's a simple example of creating a video stream that flips the video vertically. We'll use it to explain the core concepts of the <code>Stream</code> object. Click on the plus icons to get a link to the relevant section.</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastrtc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Stream</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">gradio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">gr</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">numpy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">np</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">detection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">slider</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Stream</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">handler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">detection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># (1)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">modality</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;video&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># (2)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;send-receive&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># (3)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="n">additional_inputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="n">gr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Slider</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">maximum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># (4)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-14"><a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="p">],</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-15"><a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">additional_outputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># (5)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-16"><a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="n">additional_outputs_handler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># (6)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-17"><a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>See <a href="#handlers">Handlers</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#modalities">Modalities</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#stream-modes">Stream Modes</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#additional-inputs">Additional Inputs</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#additional-outputs">Additional Outputs</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#additional-outputs">Additional Outputs Handler</a> for more information.</li>
<li>Mount the <code>Stream</code> on a <code>FastAPI</code> app with <code>stream.mount(app)</code> and you can add custom routes to it. See <a href="#custom-routes-and-frontend-integration">Custom Routes and Frontend Integration</a> for more information.</li>
<li>See <a href="#built-in-routes">Built-in Routes</a> for more information.</li>
</ol>
<p>Run:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">UI</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">FastAPI</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="language-py highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">launch</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="language-py highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="c1"># uvicorn app:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="stream-modes">Stream Modes</h3>
<p>FastRTC supports three streaming modes:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>send-receive</code>: Bidirectional streaming (default)</li>
<li><code>send</code>: Client-to-server only </li>
<li><code>receive</code>: Server-to-client only</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="modalities">Modalities</h3>
<p>FastRTC supports three modalities:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>video</code>: Video streaming</li>
<li><code>audio</code>: Audio streaming </li>
<li><code>audio-video</code>: Combined audio and video streaming</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="handlers">Handlers</h3>
<p>The <code>handler</code> argument is the main argument of the <code>Stream</code> object. A handler should be a function or a class that inherits from <code>StreamHandler</code> or <code>AsyncStreamHandler</code> depending on the modality and mode.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Modality</th>
<th>send-receive</th>
<th>send</th>
<th>receive</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>video</td>
<td>Function that takes a video frame and returns a new video frame</td>
<td>Function that takes a video frame and returns a new frame</td>
<td>Function that takes a video frame and returns a new frame</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>audio</td>
<td><code>StreamHandler</code> or <code>AsyncStreamHandler</code> subclass</td>
<td><code>StreamHandler</code> or <code>AsyncStreamHandler</code> subclass</td>
<td>Generator yielding audio frames</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>audio-video</td>
<td><code>AudioVideoStreamHandler</code> or <code>AsyncAudioVideoStreamHandler</code> subclass</td>
<td>Not Supported Yet</td>
<td>Not Supported Yet</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="methods">Methods</h2>
<p>The <code>Stream</code> has three main methods:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>.ui.launch()</code>: Launch a built-in UI for easily testing and sharing your stream. Built with <a href="https://www.gradio.app/">Gradio</a>. You can change the UI by setting the <code>ui</code> property of the <code>Stream</code> object. Also see the <a href="../gradio.md">Gradio guide</a> for building Gradio apss with fastrtc.</li>
<li><code>.fastphone()</code>: Get a free temporary phone number to call into your stream. Hugging Face token required.</li>
<li><code>.mount(app)</code>: Mount the stream on a <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/">FastAPI</a> app. Perfect for integrating with your already existing production system or for building a custom UI.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Websocket docs are only available for audio streams. Telephone docs are only available for audio streams in <code>send-receive</code> mode.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="additional-inputs">Additional Inputs</h2>
<p>You can add additional inputs to your stream using the <code>additional_inputs</code> argument. These inputs will be displayed in the generated Gradio UI and they will be passed to the handler as additional arguments.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>For audio <code>StreamHandlers</code>, please read the special <a href="../audio#requesting-inputs">note</a> on requesting inputs.</p>
</div>
<p>In the automatic gradio UI, these inputs will be the same python type corresponding to the Gradio component. In our case, we used a <code>gr.Slider</code> as the additional input, so it will be passed as a float. See the <a href="https://www.gradio.app/docs/gradio">Gradio documentation</a> for a complete list of components and their corresponding types.</p>
<h3 id="input-hooks">Input Hooks</h3>
<p>Outside of the gradio UI, you are free to update the inputs however you like by using the <code>set_input</code> method of the <code>Stream</code> object.</p>
<p>A common pattern is to use a <code>POST</code> request to send the updated data.</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">pydantic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseModel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">InputData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseModel</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a> <span class="n">webrtc_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a> <span class="n">conf_threshold</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ge</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">le</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-8"><a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-9"><a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-10"><a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-11"><a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/input_hook&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-12"><a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">InputData</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-13"><a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a> <span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">webrtc_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">conf_threshold</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>The updated data will be passed to the handler on the <strong>next</strong> call.</p>
<h2 id="additional-outputs">Additional Outputs</h2>
<p>You can return additional output from the handler by returning an instance of <code>AdditionalOutputs</code> from the handler.
Let's modify our previous example to also return the number of detections in the frame.</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastrtc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Stream</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">AdditionalOutputs</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">gradio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">gr</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">detection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">conf_threshold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-5"><a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a> <span class="n">processed_frame</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_objects</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">process_frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">conf_threshold</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-6"><a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">processed_frame</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">AdditionalOutputs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_objects</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-7"><a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-8"><a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Stream</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-9"><a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a> <span class="n">handler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">detection</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-10"><a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a> <span class="n">modality</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;video&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-11"><a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;send-receive&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-12"><a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a> <span class="n">additional_inputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-13"><a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a> <span class="n">gr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Slider</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">maximum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-14"><a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a> <span class="p">],</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-15"><a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a> <span class="n">additional_outputs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Number</span><span class="p">()],</span> <span class="c1"># (5)</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-16"><a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a> <span class="n">additional_outputs_handler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">component</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_objects</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n_objects</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-17"><a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>We added a <code>gr.Number()</code> to the additional outputs and we provided an <code>additional_outputs_handler</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>additional_outputs_handler</code> is <strong>only</strong> needed for the gradio UI. It is a function that takes the current state of the <code>component</code> and the instance of <code>AdditionalOutputs</code> and returns the updated state of the <code>component</code>. In our case, we want to update the <code>gr.Number()</code> with the number of detections.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>Since the webRTC is very low latency, you probably don't want to return an additional output on each frame. </p>
</div>
<h3 id="output-hooks">Output Hooks</h3>
<p>Outside of the gradio UI, you are free to access the output data however you like by calling the <code>output_stream</code> method of the <code>Stream</code> object.</p>
<p>A common pattern is to use a <code>GET</code> request to get a stream of the output data.</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi.responses</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StreamingResponse</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/updates&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">stream_updates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">webrtc_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">output_stream</span><span class="p">():</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">output</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_stream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">webrtc_id</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-7"><a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="c1"># Output is the AdditionalOutputs instance</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-8"><a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Be sure to serialize it however you would like</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-9"><a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;data: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-10"><a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-11"><a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">StreamingResponse</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-12"><a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a> <span class="n">output_stream</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-13"><a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="n">media_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text/event-stream&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-14"><a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="custom-routes-and-frontend-integration">Custom Routes and Frontend Integration</h2>
<p>You can add custom routes for serving your own frontend or handling additional functionality once you have mounted the stream on a FastAPI app.</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi.responses</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HTMLResponse</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastrtc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Stream</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-6-5"><a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Stream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-6"><a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>
</span><span id="__span-6-7"><a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-8"><a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-9"><a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a>
</span><span id="__span-6-10"><a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="c1"># Serve a custom frontend</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-11"><a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-12"><a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">serve_frontend</span><span class="p">():</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-13"><a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">HTMLResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="telephone-integration">Telephone Integration</h2>
<p>FastRTC provides built-in telephone support through the <code>fastphone()</code> method:</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="c1"># Launch with a temporary phone number</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fastphone</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Optional: If None, will use the default token in your machine or read from the HF_TOKEN environment variable</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a> <span class="n">token</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;your_hf_token&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-6"><a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8000</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-7"><a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>This will print out a phone number along with your temporary code you can use to connect to the stream. You are limited to <strong>10 minutes</strong> of calls per calendar month.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>See this <a href="../audio#telephone-integration">section</a> on making sure your stream handler is compatible for telephone usage.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>If you don't have a HF token, you can get one <a href="https://huggingface.co/settings/tokens">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="concurrency">Concurrency</h2>
<ol>
<li>You can limit the number of concurrent connections by setting the <code>concurrency_limit</code> argument.</li>
<li>You can limit the amount of time (in seconds) a connection can stay open by setting the <code>time_limit</code> argument.</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Stream</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a> <span class="n">handler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">handler</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a> <span class="n">concurrency_limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-4"><a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a> <span class="n">time_limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3600</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-5"><a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
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